Four islands - which Russia calls the Southern Kurils and Japan calls the Northern Territories - are the subject of a 60-year-old dispute between the two nations.
At the very top of the list of topics to be discussed: the disputed Kuril Islands. Yet Panov predicts that nothing will happen at the December summit: "Neither country is yet prepared to take the radical steps that are needed. "If we want to find a solution, we must consider the outcome of the talks and make realistic proposals," Suzuki emphasized in September.
Moreover, military installations have been built on the islands as well, most recently, a missile defense station.Putin will no doubt find it difficult to concede Russian territory.
Though his motivation for striking a deal with Japan may wane in the wake of Donald Trump's victory in November's US presidential elections. The ongoing dispute over the islands is a vestige of World War II, which has become a central element of Russo-Japanese relations. Video,The racist church bombing that shocked the world,Mario at 35: 'The little plumber who defined a genre',Why Iâm friends with the man who shot me,The maths of stirring a cup of tea. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites.The island chain known as the Kurils stretches north across the Pacific Ocean from the Japanese island of Hokkaido to the southern tip of Russia's Kamchatka Peninsula.Four islands - which Russia calls the Southern Kurils and Japan calls the Northern Territories - are the subject of a 60-year-old dispute between the two nations.They are Kunashir (known in Japanese as Kunashiri), Iturup (Etorofu), Shikotan and the rocky Habomai islets.The southernmost islet in the Habomai group lies only a few kilometres off Nemuro on the Japanese island of Hokkaido.Because of the dispute, Russia and Japan have not yet signed a peace treaty to end World War II.Japanese people migrated north to the islands in the 18th and 19th century, including members of Hokkaido's minority Ainu community.In 1855, Russia and Japan signed the Treaty of Shimoda, which gave Japan ownership of the four southern islands and Russia ownership of everything to the north.Communities developed on three of the islands and by the time World War II began, there were 17,000 Japanese residents.Russia took control of the islands at the end of the war, and by 1949 it had deported all residents to Japan.Under the 1951 San Francisco Peace Treaty, signed between the Allies and Japan, Japan renounced "all right, title and claim to the Kuril Islands", as well as over other possessions.But this resolved nothing, because Russia did not sign the treaty and the Japanese government has never recognised the four islands as part of the Kuril chain.In 1956, the Japan-Soviet Joint Declaration restored diplomatic ties between the two nations, but a formal peace deal remained out of reach because of the territorial dispute.At the time, Russia proposed returning the two islands closest to Japan, a deal Japan rejected, in part because the two islands represent only 7% of the land in question.Since then, the dispute has remained unresolved.A 30,000-strong Russian community now lives on the islands and there is also a Russian military presence on Iturup.In early August 2006, the Russian government backed a 17bn-rouble ($630m) plan to develop the entire Kuril island chain, including improving energy and transport infrastructure.Chances of an early resolution to the dispute look slim.Vladimir Putin indicated in 2004 that the offer of a return of the two southernmost islands was still on the table, but showed no signs of relinquishing the two larger islands.Natural resources are part of the reason.The islands are surrounded by rich fishing grounds and are thought to have offshore reserves of oil and gas.
He was involved in coming up with the "two plus alpha" formula while he served as Russian ambassador in Tokyo, in 2001. However, they were unable to gain the support of hardliners in the Japanese Foreign Ministry.Suzuki has since become Prime Minister Abe's most important adviser on the Kuril Islands dispute. But official negotiations were put on hold when Japan placed sanctions on Russia over its military intervention in Ukraine.Unexpectedly, Russia resumed talks at the beginning of this year although sanctions remain in place. Thereafter a peace treaty would be signed.The "alpha" could be a common economic zone for the islands, or eventual shared possession of the two larger islands Kunashir and Etorofu. Nevertheless, few experts expect that a compromise will be reached at the upcoming summit.
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